I. For 100 level: Candidates must satisfy the general University and Faculty of Physical Sciences requirements of five O’Level credits which must include: Chemistry, English, Physics and any other two relevant science subjects at Senior Secondary School Certificate level or examination in at most two sittings.
II. For 200 level: Candidates must in addition to (I) above have an Advanced level (A ‘Level) or its equivalence in Chemistry and any other science subject.
The duration of B.Sc. Chemistry programme is four(4) years for candidates admitted into 100 level and three(3) years for those admitted into 200 level. There are two semesters of formal University Studies in each academic session except at 300level where students are required to undergo Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) programme for 6 months. At the end of the programme, each student is required to write, present and defend a report on what he/she learned in the industry. At 400 level, students undertake a one year project in any field of interest.
The minimum number of credit units required for graduation by candidate entering 100L is 120, while for those entering at 200 levels is 90. The implication of this is that a student who was admitted at 100 levels must aspire to earn not less than 30 credit units per session. Those who fail to achieve this goal usually end up spending extra sessions in order to qualify for graduation. Also for for a student to be eligible for graduation he/she must have a Cumulative Grade Point Average of at least 1.50 (i.e. CGPA ≥ 1.50)
Students must register 27 credit unit core +3 credit unit electives.
Atoms, molecules, elements and compounds. Laws of Chemical combination. The mole concept. Gross features of atomic structure; Periodic Table; Chemical Bonding and Shapes of molecules. Oxidation – Reduction Reaction. General concepts of acids and bases, hydration and hydrolysis, weak and strong electrolytes. (2 units).
States of matter; Kinetic theory; Colligate properties; Structure of solids; Crystal lattice structures. Thermo chemistry; Chemical kinetics of first and second order reactions, Chemical equilibrium, Buffer solutions, Hydrolysis constants and solubility products. Electrochemistry. (2 units).
Periodic Table – gradation of physical and chemical properties within the table. The first transition elements series – comparison of Chemistry of the elements of Periods II and III. Transition metal complexes: Nomenclature, Isomerism and hybridization involving ά-orbitals.(2 units)
Scope of Organic Chemistry; Types of Organic compounds and determination of molecular formulae. Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes and simple aromatic compounds. Types of Organic reactions. Alkyl halides, Alcohols, Phenols, Carbonyl compounds, Carboxylic acids, Carbohydrates. (2 units).
Basic Apparatus, Terminologies, safety regulations. Basic working skills in the chemical laboratory. Acid-base titrations, Redox titrations, weighing and gravimetric analysis. (1 unit).
Qualitative analysis of Inorganic anions and cations, Organic qualitative analysis. (1 unit).
CHEM191: Introductory Practical Chemistry I
CHEM192: Introductory Chemistry Practical II
Students must register 23/25 credit unit core + 7 credit unit electives, only 2 credit unit outside the Faculty.
Electronic structure of atoms-experimental basis surveyed. Atomic models. Basic concept of quantum mechanics; Atomic orbitals. Structure and bonding in ionic crystals; Isomorphism and polymorphism, crystal lattices, lattice energy and polarisation of ions. (Prerequisite CHEM 101, 2 units).
Phases of matter. Solutions, colligative properties, electrical conductivity. Thermodynamic functions – internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, Gibb’s function of acid-base reactions. (Prerequisite CHEM 112, 2 units).
Einstein mass-energy relation. Nuclear stability magic numbers. Nuclear transformations; alpha, beta, gamma decay. Natural radioactivity and its kinetics, identification of isotopes. Applications; tracers, radiometric filtrations, uses of radiation-dating techniques, Nuclear reactors. (2units).
Periodic properties of the elements; periodic table and electronic configuration of the elements. Ions in solution: thermodynamic criterion of stability; solubility and hydration. The Born-Habercycle. Chemical compound types – ionic, coordination and covalent compounds. (2 units).
Spatial distribution of electrons in and the geometry of organic molecules. Organic nomenclature; Isomerism. Preparation and reactions of alkyl halides, alcohols, thiols, ethers, sulphides, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, amine, quauternary ammonium salts sulphoric acids; aromatic compounds, diazonium salts, carbohydrates, fats and oils. Nature and energetics of organic reactions. (2 units).
Inorganic preparations and analyses; separation techniques; Oxidation and Reduction – permanganate titrations. Acids and Bases – Titrations of monobasic acids and monacid bases using indicators and pH meters. Buffers. (2 units).
Physical Properties of Pure Substances organic preparations and analyses. Purification techniques. Acid-base titrations of poly basic acids and amino acids. Preparation and testing of buffer solutions. (2 units).
First Semester: No student takes electives during this semester
Second Semester: All students go on a six-month Industrial Attachment (SIWES) in any part of the country. The total credit unit for this programme is six. At the end of the programme each student is expected to write a report of the experience gathered. A log book given to each student to monitor their involvement will also be returned duly signed by a senior supervisor in their various places of attachment. Each student is assigned a particular academic staff who visits the student twice during the period of the industrial attachment.
CHEM300: Students are required to undergo Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) programme for 6 months.
Introduction to concepts of reaction velocity and rate constants. Experimental methods of study of simple reactions. Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions; reaction order and mechanism; complex reactions elementary processes. Collision and transition state theory: steady state treatment; uni-,bi-and ter-molecular reactions. (2 units).
CHEM313: Molecular Structure & the Properties of Solids
Brief review of background mathematics, summary of atomic absorption and emission spectra of hydrogen atom, alkali and alkaline earth elements and also X-ray absorption spectra. Bohr Sommerfield theory of the atom. Introductory quantum theory of the atom. (2 units, prerequisite CHEM 201 & MATH 105).
Thermodynamic laws (including the zero law), thermodynamic standard states. Bond energies, Born-Haber cycle. Systems of variable composition: thermodynamics of gas mixtures; liquid solutions; partial molar quantities. Chemical equilibria. (2 units, prerequisite CHEM 212 & MATH 105).
Electrochemical cells. Conductance and transport properties of ions in aqueous solution. (2 units, prerequisite CHEM 212).
CHEM321: Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
Definition and general characteristics of transition metals. Stability of oxidation states trends with emphasis on horizontal rather than vertical trends. Differences and causes of these between the third elements and the heavier congeners in the groups. (2 units).
Stereochemistry; addition, substitution, elimination and rearrangement reactions. Reactive intermediates in organic chemistry,(2 units, prerequisite CHEM 232).
Use of IR, UV, NMR and Mass spectroscopy in the structure determination of organic molecules. (2 units, prerequisite CHEM 232).
Gravimetric and volumetric analyses; solution equilibria ion exchange; chromatography and solvent extractions; spectrometric/spectrophotometric methods; electrometric methods (1 unit).
Atomic absorption, atomic emission, atomic fluorescence and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Spectrometric instrumentation and measurement. (2 units).
Monomers, natural and synthetic polymers – addition and condensation polymerization with introductory treatment of mechanisms. Bonding in polymers. Properties of bulk polymers. Classification of bulk polymers. Classification and uses of co-polymers.(2 units).
statistical treatment of data, inorganic and organic preparations and analyses, kinetics, and spectrophotometry. (2 units).
Students must register 33 credit unit core + 5 credit unit electives.
A research project carried out in collaboration with and under the close supervision of an academic member of staff. (6 units).
Complex reactions, open sequence reactions, and chain reactions. Solution reactions; heterogeneous reactions catalysis. (1 unit, prerequisite CHEM 311)
Addition polymerization: mechanism and kinetic, ionic polymerization; stereospecific polymerization. Chain dimensions; chain models. Thermodynamics of polymer solutions ; lattice theory. Molecular weight determination; Effect of chemical structure; crystallinity, polymers; mechanical properties; water sorption. Fibres, elastomers and plastics. (2 units, prerequisite CHEM 314).
Classical one-dimensional wave equation including a discussion of stationery waves. Spectra due to a particle in a potential well-hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms; atomic orbitals s.p.d. Heitler-London wave function (valence bond method). Molecular orbital method (LCAOMO). (3 units, prerequisite CHEM 315, 316, MATH 207).
Principles of statistical mechanics: ergodic hypothesis the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law; mean values in statistical mechanics. Heat capacity of solids: Einstein and Debye slids. Entropy and thermodynamic probability; entropy and Gibbs and Helmholtz functions. (2 units, prerequisite MATH 201, CHEM 317).
Introduction to the mathematical structure of groups. Representation of abstract groups. Molecular point groups and space groups; rotation and permutation groups. Applications in spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. (2 units, prerequisite CHEM 315, MATH 206).
Molecular spectroscopy in the microwave region; infra-red, nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectra. (2 units, prerequisite CHEM 315, PHYS 222).
Nuclear stability: nuclear models, shell structure, ‘magic numbers’ – Interaction of radiation with and matters; energy and range; absorption shielding; cross-sections, Compton scattering. Radiation chemistry of aqueous solutions and organics: dosimetry; tracers, further applications. (2 units, prerequisite CHEM 213).
Properties of metal – solution interfaces; Applied electrochemistry including corrosion. (2units, prerequisite CHEM 318).
Scattering of X-ray by matter. Interpretation of single crystal photographs and of powder patterns. Diffracted intensity and structure factor, and outline of crystal structure analysis. Diffraction from amorphous materials. Brief introduction of electron and neutron diffraction. (2 units).
Complex formation in inorganic chemistry Isomerism in coordination compounds; optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism inmetal complexes. Physicochemical properties of metal complexes; bonding theories, thermodynamics, kinetics (substitution behaviour). (2 units, prerequisites CHEM 311).
Types of inorganic reaction. Rate laws and interpretation of rate laws. Experimental methods for fast and slow reactions. Substitution Section in Octahedral and square planar complexes. Kinetic trans effect. Redox reactions. Reaction mechanisms in some bioinorganic systems. (3 units, prerequisite CHEM 322).
Metal-carbon bond; classification of compounds according to bond types; 18-electron rule; stability of compounds; general methods of preparation; reactions of compounds. Metallocene, with specific references to ferrocene; catalytic effect of organotransition metal compounds. (2 units).
Chemistry of Pyrrole, furan and thiophene. Synthetic and mechanistic treatment of fused heterocyclics – quinolines, isoquionlines, benzofurans, benzothiophens, indoles, coumarins, chromones, benzopyrilium salts. Occurrence of Heterocyclic systems in drugs. (2 units).
Basic Principles: Synthesis of aromatic compounds introduction of terms like disconnection, synthons, target molecule, Analysis or Retrosynthetic Analysis, Reagent, Synthetic equivalent, functional group interconversion, etc. Electrophilic Aromatic substitutions, Nucleophilic substitution of halides,Order of Events in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitutions. One-Group C-X disconnetions; in Carbonyl Derivatives, RCOX, Alcohols, Ethers, Alkyl Halides and Sulphides. Two – Groups C-X disconnections, 11-Difunctionalised Compounds, 1,2 difunctionalisedCompounds, 1,3-difunctionalised compounds, One Group C-C disconnections: Alcohols, Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic acids.1,2-C-C disconnections: Carbonyl compounds. Stereo selectivity, Chemo selectivity, Regioselectivity. One-Group C-C Disconnections:Carbonyl Compounds Carbonyl compounds synthesis by Micheal Addition. Alkene Synthesis:Elimination from Alcohols Derivs; Witting Reaction; Stereo selectivity in Witting Reaction. Use of Acetylenes Two – Group Disconnection; Diel Alder Reactions. Two –Group Disconnections: 13 Difunctionalised Compounds & β–unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds, Carbonyl Condensations Control. Two – Group Disconnection: 1,5 Difunctionalised Compounds, Micheal Addition & Robinson Annelation Amine Synthesis. (2 units )
Recommended Text: Designing Organic Syntheses: A Programmed Introduction to the Synthon Approach by Stuart warren.
A discussion of wood, coal, Petroleum, Essential Oils, Natural Rubber, Chemicals for Agriculture, Sugar, Starch. Iron & Tin ores, Limestone/Cement S/Sulphuric acid, nitrogen fertilizers, Ammonia, paper making. Application to Industry and other chemical raw materials of national importance. (2 units)
Atomic and molecular structure. Molecular orbital calculations (including simple Huckel molecular orbital eigenvalue and eigenvector calculations on the computer); conformational analysis; chemical equilibrium; linear free energy relationships in organic reactions. (2 units, prerequisite CHEM 333 + 311).
Chemistry of terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, antibiotics, flavonoids, prostaglandins; General methods of isolation, purification and structural determination. Carbohydrates: classification, structure and nomenclature: Sugars: General reactions, preparation and configuration: Epimerisation, Mutarotation. (2 units).
Concise description of the structure of organic molecules: methods for the study of organic reaction mechanisms; non-kinetic methods;kinetic methods. Nucleophilic substitution reactions; elimination and addition reactions; rearrangement reactions. Orbital symmetry correlations in organic reactions. (2 units, prerequisite CHEM 334).
Alicyclic compounds in nature; conformation of Alicyclic rings; methods for the preparation of Alicyclic compounds; reactions of Alicyclic compounds; bicyclic compounds-classification; non-benzenoid aromatic compounds (e.g. azulenes); their synthesis, properties and reactions. (2 units).
Solvent extraction, Adsorption, Partition, Ion Exchange chromatography. Thin-layer, Paper, HPLC (mention only). Gel Filtration and Electrophoresis. Gas Chromatography and Mass spectrometry. (2 units, prerequisite CHEM 341).
Definitions and Concepts; Conservation and degradation. Elements of the environments. Components of soil, land, water, atmosphere. Safety, standards. Pollutants, pollution control, Technology and management. (2 units).
Mini-projects on selected topics involving analytical methods. Separation techniques. Instrumental and non instrumental analyses. (2 units).
At second semester of 300 Level all students go on a six-month Industrial Attachment (SIWES) in any part of the country. The total credit unit for this programme is six (6). At the end of the programme each student is expected to write a report of the experience gathered. A log book given to each student to monitor their involvement will also be returned duly signed by a senior supervisor in their various places of attachment. Each student is assigned a particular academic staff who visits the student twice during the period of the industrial attachment.